Turkestan is one of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan, founded in 418 AD. At that time, it was part of the Samanid state and was called Shavgar. Later, it transformed into Yassy, where the poet Khwaja Ahmed Yasawi was buried. In 1938, a mausoleum and mosque were erected over his tomb. Now it is the main attraction of the city and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Later, a mint was established here, producing silver coins with the images of rulers.

In 1864, it became part of the Russian Empire, lost its capital status, and became part of the newly formed Turkestan Governorate-General. In 1991, it became part of Kazakhstan again. The most famous sights are gathered around the mausoleum of Khwaja Ahmed Yasawi. The poet was revered even during his lifetime. Tamerlane erected a memorial complex on his grave in the mid-12th century, thereby strengthening his authority among the local population.

The place became considered sacred, and three visits were equated with a visit to Mecca. Also located here are the tomb of Tamerlane’s granddaughter, the necropolis of Kazakh khans, and the underground mosque of Khilvet. Visiting museums such as the Eastern Bath, Juma Mosque, Archaeology, and History of the city would also be worthwhile.

Aryshtan-Baba is a must-visit place, located 60 km from Turkestan. He was the spiritual mentor of Khwaja Ahmed Yasawi.
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Link to Turkestan (clickable).